Syeda Jahirin Aktari

Radio spectrum is a finite resource with increasing demand due to its wide range of usage in different applications such as mobile phones and IoT devices. Spectrum can be used more efficiently if licensed primary users share their unused spectrum with secondary users. Typically, these types of sharing trades require user's location information; protecting user privacy is crucial to prevent market manipulation and unlawful activities. A model is presented where primary users offer a price to linked secondary users for trading unused spectrum. We use a partially linked trading graph where the locations of each user define the network exogenously. The presented concept of privacy zone provides a generalized range of the user's location which hides the location information and offers privacy protection. Within this framework, we find that single-linked buyers receive offers first but must pay high prices, and that buyers may encounter two prices in equilibrium if they have larger privacy zones. Additionally, the Nash equilibrium result demonstrates that privacy protection increases the payoff of secondary users thus secondary users always prefer to choose privacy protection and primary user chooses monopoly or competitive price depending on the probability that secondary user is single linked.

This paper examines whether expanding access to higher education shapes gender role attitudes, using Egypt's 1963 public university fee abolition policy, followed by large-scale university construction, as a natural experiment. Between 1963 and 1976, the Egyptian government eliminated tuition at public universities and established 15 new universities across previously underserved provinces, transforming higher education from an elite privilege into a mass system. Exploiting birth-cohort variation in exposure to this reform and using repeated cross-sectional data from the World Values Survey, we estimate the reform's effect on gender attitudes. We use ordinary least squares (OLS) to estimate the reduced-form effect of cohort-level reform exposure, and two-stage least squares (2SLS), instrumenting university attainment with this exposure, to estimate the causal effect of actual university education. We also explore this reform's impact by gender.

States must tax something, but what they tax varies widely. This paper asks whether the composition of state taxation—capital versus labor—affects business dynamism: firm entry and the job creation it generates. We link a forty-five-year panel of state tax rates to the Census Bureau's Business Dynamics Statistics and use three complementary designs: a two-way fixed-effects state-year panel, a saturated state-sector-year design interacting capital-tax pressure with sector capital intensity, and a county panel isolating the local property tax. Point estimates carry the sign theory predicts—capital-tax pressure lowers entry and job creation in capital-intensive sectors while labor-tax pressure does not—but they are economically small and statistically fragile under wild-cluster bootstrap inference and event-study designs, implying that the effect of tax composition on aggregate dynamism is too small to detect with public, design-based data.